| Jim Gibbons | |
|---|---|
| 28th Governor of Nevada | |
| In office January 1, 2007 – January 3, 2011 |
|
| Lieutenant | Brian Krolicki |
| Preceded by | Kenny Guinn |
| Succeeded by | Brian Sandoval |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nevada's 2nd district |
|
| In office January 3, 1997 – December 31, 2006 |
|
| Preceded by | Barbara Vucanovich |
| Succeeded by | Dean Heller |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 16, 1944 Sparks, Nevada, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Dawn Gibbons (1985–2010, divorced) |
| Residence | Governor's Mansion (2007–2011) |
| Alma mater | Air Command and Staff College Air War College Southwestern Law School University of Nevada, Reno |
| Profession | Attorney Geologist Pilot |
| Religion | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force United States Air National Guard |
| Years of service | 1967 – 1971 1975 – 1996 |
| Rank | Colonel[1] |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War Gulf War |
| Awards | Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross |
James Arthur "Jim" Gibbons (born December 16, 1944) is an American politician. He served as the 28th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 2007 to 2011. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives, having served from 1997 to 2006. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Contents |
Born in Sparks, Nevada, Gibbons interrupted his studies at the University of Nevada, Reno, during the Vietnam War to serve in the United States Air Force (1967–1971). He also attended Southwestern Law School, in Los Angeles, and the University of Southern California for post-graduate studies. A graduate of the U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College and the Air War College, he joined the Nevada Air National Guard in 1975 and served as its vice commander from 1990 to 1996, participating in the first Gulf War. During his military career, Gibbons earned nineteen service medals, including the Legion of Merit and Distinguished Flying Cross. In civilian life, he has worked as a lawyer in private practice, an airline pilot for both Western Airlines and Delta Air Lines, a hydrologist and a geologist. Gibbons is a nonpracticing Latter-day Saint.[2]
Gibbons has been married twice and has three children. He married Dawn Gibbons in 1985; they have a son, born in 1987. Dawn Gibbons did not move to Washington to live with her husband while he served in Congress, saying she preferred to raise their son in Nevada. She herself was elected to the Nevada State Assembly in 1998, two years after Jim Gibbons was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. On May 2, 2008, Gibbons filed for divorce,[3][4] citing grounds of incompatibility stemming from an undisclosed event in Reno, and requesting the court to determine whether Gibbons or his wife would live at the governor's mansion.
In April 2009, Gibbons was living in Reno; his wife, Dawn, remained in the Governor's mansion in Carson City. An 1866 state law requires that governor must "keep his office and reside at the seat of government". A spokesman for Gibbons described the move by the governor back to the couple's Reno home, which they had owned since 1989, as a temporary situation and said there was no violation of the law.[5] By April 2009, Dawn was living in an apartment near the Mansion rather than in it.[6]
Divorce proceedings were stayed upon agreement of living separately pending the suit. Dawn accused Jim of "infatuation and involvement with the wife of a Reno doctor,” but he stated the woman is just a friend. On March–April 2007, he sent 860 text messages in one month to the woman.[7] He later reimbursed the state $130 for the cost of the messages.[6] In June 2008, he was seen with former Playboy model Leslie Durant at the Reno Rodeo.[8] Durant is particularly prominent not solely because of her nude Playboy appearance, because she was once married to Pete Sferrazza, formerly mayor of Reno, Nevada.[6]
On April 6, 2009, a judge in Washoe County Family Court ordered the records of the divorce proceedings unsealed. Dawn's papers alleged that Jim was unfaithful with Durant, and with the woman who received the 860 messages, and "has had similar relationships with many other women during the marriage".[6] She also referenced her humiliation at standing beside him when her husband attempted to defend himself from allegations of attempted sexual assault shortly before the 2006 election.[6] See "sexual assault allegation" below.
Jim Gibbons' divorce filings stated that he wanted his wife out of the Governor's Mansion because she was aggressive: "It was once said in another context that being in close quarters with such a volatile person was like being locked in a phone booth with an enraged ferret".[6]
In January 2010, the couple negotiated and completed a out-of-court divorce agreement. The divorce was finalized on July 21, 2010.
On September 21, 2010, Gibbons fell off and was kicked by a horse, resulting in a broken pelvis. Surgeons implanted temporary ten-inch and eight-inch (203 mm) bolts to assist in the healing, and Gibbons was forced to conduct official business via telephone conferences in a rehabilitation center in Reno, Nevada.[9]
Gibbons served in the Nevada State Assembly from 1989 to 1993, during which time he was called to active service in the Gulf War as an RF-4C Flight Leader. During the conflict, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for extraordinary achievement while participating in a mission in which he flew his unarmed aircraft on a reconnaissance mission to acquire politically sensitive imagery of enemy targets in Kuwait.
While working as a pilot for Delta Air Lines and serving as an assemblyman in the Nevada House, Gibbons ran for Nevada governor in 1994. As the Republican nominee, he lost to Democratic incumbent Bob Miller, having received 156,875 votes to Miller's 200,026.
Gibbons was elected to the House of Representatives in 1996. He served eight years as Nevada's United States Representative in the 2nd congressional district. He served as vice chairman of the House Resources Committee, and he was a member of the Armed Services Committee, the Homeland Security Committee and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. His long-time congressional Chief of Staff, Michael Dayton, was replaced in 2002 by legislative director Robert Uithoven. Uithoven served on Gibbons' staff for many years, including four years as chief of staff. He later served as campaign manager for Gibbons' successful 2006 Gubernatorial campaign. Uithoven was not given a gubernatorial position. His predecessor, Michael Dayton, was named as the governor's top aide.
Gibbons announced in late 2004 that he would not run for a sixth term in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2006, instead opting to run for Governor of Nevada. He won the August 15, 2006, Republican primary handily, defeating state senator Bob Beers and Lieutenant Governor Lorraine Hunt. In the general election (described as "most contentious, ugly and negative in history"[10]) he faced Democratic nominee Dina Titus, who was the Minority Leader in the Nevada State Senate. Gibbons received 278,984 votes to Titus's 255,675. Titus won Clark County, Nevada's most populous, but was beaten by Gibbons in every other county. Gibbons called Titus "an admirable opponent", although Titus declined to echo his sentiments, saying "We disagree on basic policies, and neither one of us is going to change our minds for the other".[10]
Gibbons resigned his House seat on New Year's Eve, and was sworn in as governor just after midnight on New Year's Day, a highly irregular event in Nevada history. Many believe Gibbons did this in order to undo a late term appointment to the position of Nevada's Gaming Control Board Chairman by his predecessor, Governor Kenny Guinn.[11]
Gibbons has been the subject of a number of scandals and controversies, both professional and personal, that caused speculation that he would not seek a second term as governor.[12] Gibbons did file for re-election in March 2010. On June 9, 2010, he lost the Republican nomination for his reelection bid to former federal judge Brian Sandoval—who went on to win the general election and become the 29th Governor of Nevada.[13][14][15][16]
In July 2007, Gibbons approved a plan to let the U.S. Department of Energy use the state's water to explore the planned Yucca Mountain nuclear waste site.[17] According to the Las Vegas Sun, "Neither Gibbons nor his aides have offered public explanations for the governor’s perplexing moves. In particular, they have not explained how giving federal authorities more time to build a case for Yucca Mountain or appointing a Yucca advocate to the nuclear projects board could possibly be interpreted as being in line with the state’s opposition to the plan."[18] Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV) said "this amounts to surrendering in Nevada's decades-long fight against the project".[17] Rep. Shelley Berkley (D-NV) said “This demonstrates to me that he either doesn’t know what he’s doing or he’s reversed his position.”[18]
During an April 23, 2010, debate for the Republican gubernatorial primary, Gibbons further confused his actual stance on Yucca Mountain by taking positions both favoring and opposing the federal waste dump over a two minute period of time.[19] "Gibbons then said he believed nuclear waste can be transported safely and that 'I can tell you, you can store it safely.'"[19] However, when questioned by the moderator, Gibbons said he supported shutting the down the Yucca Mountain facility.[19]
In August 2007, Governor Gibbons attempted to obtain reimbursement for the health care of Mexican nationals from the Mexican government. He did not succeed.[20]
In October 2007, Gibbons proposed cutting funding for state services by 5% and ordered state agencies to submit lists of the services to be cut. Among the state agencies that were ordered to cut their budgets were the Nevada System of Higher Education, child welfare agencies and the juvenile justice agency.[21] Gibbons expected an $80 million dollar cut to come directly from the Health and Human services agency alone.[21] Most of these agencies refused to submit a revised budget to Governor Gibbons, citing already "threadbare" budgets.[21]
On November 21, 2007, Gibbons revised his proposal upward for cutting state budgets. Nevada agencies were then told to plan for 8% cuts.[22]
In 2008, Gibbons suggested that the Nevada legislature cut the state budget for elementary, secondary and higher education by 14%.[23][24][25], Las Vegas Sun.</ref>[26] Jim Rogers, Nevada Chancellor for Education, said of the budget cuts, "We’re talking about something that is going to cripple us financially and competitively. The effects will be felt on our economy for the next 50 to 100 years.".[27] The Nevada Policy Research Institute criticized the Governor's office for the budget, when the administration claimed that the state was facing a crisis, despite a 1% decrease in state spending.[28]
A speech given in February 2005 by then-Congressman Gibbons in Elko, Nevada, was plagiarized from a copyrighted speech delivered in 2003 by then-Alabama State Auditor Beth Chapman at a "Stand up America" rally.[29]
As Gibbons was campaigning for governor in October 2006, it was brought to light that more than ten years earlier, his wife Dawn had employed Patricia Pastor Sandoval, a then-illegal immigrant from Peru, as a housekeeper and babysitter. Since the Nannygate matter of 1993, politicians have been deeply concerned about the impact of such revelations on their careers.
Dawn, who had become a member of the Nevada Assembly in 1998, denied the allegations in 2006, claiming that Sandoval had merely been a friend who had helped out around the house and was given clothing and household goods, but was not an employee. An employment contract from between Dawn Gibbons and Sandoval, however, appeared to disprove that assertion, as it clearly laid out the terms and conditions of Sandoval's hiring. Documents filed during Sandoval's 1988 application for working papers also contradicted earlier statements by Dawn Gibbons that the family had not known that the woman was in the United States illegally.[30]
Sandoval stated that she was employed from roughly 1987 to 1993, four years before Gibbons left for Washington in 1997 after his 1996 election as a Congressman and five years before Dawn Gibbons became a state legislator. Sandoval also stated that she was asked to hide in the basement and refrain from answering doors at certain times in order to ensure that her illegal status did not become public knowledge and jeopardize Gibbons' political career.
In 1995, Dawn Gibbons filed a police complaint against Sandoval, alleging that she was attempting to extort money by threatening to go to the media with a story involving her illegal employment. Jim and Dawn Gibbons did not pursue the matter further.[30]
In response to the 2006 revelations, Jim Gibbons' campaign issued a statement accusing Democratic candidate Dina Titus of fomenting the controversy to distract from the real issues of the race, but did not issue a denial of Sandoval's claims.[30]
In October 2006, near the conclusion of his successful campaign for governor, a woman accused Jim Gibbons of attempted sexual assault in a parking garage. Gibbons claimed he was helping her to her car. They both admitted to drinking alcohol at McCormick and Schmick's restaurant in Las Vegas.
In the initial aftermath of the event, Las Vegas Sheriff Bill Young, a long time supporter of Jim Gibbons and donor to his gubernatorial campaign, cited lack of evidence in the case and refused to bring evidence of the attack to the District Attorney. The accuser did not initially want to pursue pressing charges, saying she just wanted "to be left alone". But when the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department was forced to open the incident case file after inquiries by Las Vegas media, the Las Vegas Review Journal and the Las Vegas Sun released her name and she was thrust into the public eye. She later said she was being pressured to not talk to the police about the incident by people close to Jim Gibbons.[31] In fact, the Gibbons campaign hired a private investigator to talk to the woman shortly after the incident occurred.[32]
Under pressure from the media and eventually from the accuser herself, Sheriff Bill Young famously taunted the alleged victim to "bring it on" and sign a formal complaint. This was a highly irregular step, as most victims of assault are not required to sign a complaint before an investigation can begin. Nevertheless, she signed the complaint and there was a further investigation. The evidence was given to the Las Vegas District Attorney, David Roger, who had also donated to the Gibbons campaign. Criminal charges were never filed in the case.[33]
Gibbons' gubernatorial campaign manager, Robert Uithoven, speculated in an e-mail to Gibbons' supporters that Dina Titus, Gibbons' opponent, hired the woman to entice Gibbons. Titus retorted that to do this she would have had to control where Gibbons went, who he was with, and even the weather (Gibbons claimed he was helping the woman to her car in part because of the weather).[34]
By 2009, the alleged victim had filed a civil suit against Jim Gibbons, specifically alleging battery, false imprisonment and second-degree kidnapping as well as deceit about the episode. As of April 2010, the lawsuit had not yet been resolved, and an allegation of evidence tampering—that a video surveillance tape was altered—was made by the alleged victim.[35][36]
On November 1, 2006, the Wall Street Journal published a story stating that Gibbons had earmarked several millions of dollars to a company owned by Warren Trepp, as well as added additional funds to a pre-existing government contract with Trepp's company. The report noted that Trepp had paid for a $10,000 cruise for Gibbons and his wife, which Gibbons failed to report in his U.S. House of Representatives ethics filings, and $100,000 in campaign contributions. A former Trepp business partner claimed that Gibbons was also given gambling chips – convertible into cash – and cash directly.[37][38][39]
On February 15, 2007, the Journal reported that Gibbons was under federal investigation for allegedly accepting unreported gifts and/or payments from Trepp in exchange for official acts while he served in Congress (1997–2007).[37][38][40]
According to reports, on March 22, 2005, days before Trepp and his wife left for the Caribbean cruise with Gibbons and his family, Jalé Trepp, Warren’s wife, sent a reminder to her husband. It said, “Please don't forget to bring the money you promised Jim and Dawn (Gibbons).” Minutes later, Trepp responded, “Don't you ever send this kind of message to me! Erase this message from your computer right now!”[37][38][40]
The ethics probe into Gibbons expanded to include another company that paid Gibbons' wife Dawn $35,000 in consulting fees in 2004, while Gibbons helped the company receive a no-bid federal contract.[41]
The U.S. Attorney for Nevada at time of the investigation was Daniel Bogden, who was one of seven federal prosecutors forced out of his job by the Bush administration in December 2006.[37][38][40]
Gibbons set up a legal defense fund just before the November, 2006 gubernatorial election to help pay for legal expenses incurred after a woman accused him of attempted sexual assault. Gibbons neither reported the legal defense fund to the appropriate U.S. House of Representatives committee (even though he was a sitting congressman at the time and was required by House rules to do so), nor did he report donations to his legal defense fund as contributions to his gubernatorial campaign, citing the money was for "personal use" and not for "political purposes".[42]
In January 2008, it was reported that Gibbons raised $256,000 for his legal defense fund during 2007, including a $61,000 personal loan Gibbons gave to his own fund, as well as $10,000 from The Palms hotel and casino, and $40,000 from various companies connected to Las Vegas Sands Corporation Chief Executive Sheldon Adelson.[43] The defense fund has spent money to defend Gibbons in cases which include:
On August 3, 2007, the Las Vegas Review Journal printed the following:
A newly available document states that Gov. Jim Gibbons "has admitted" that he urged federal authorities to pursue criminal action against a software developer whose business dispute with a friend of Gibbons has prompted a federal investigation. The statement is made in a legal motion filed last year, but kept secret until Tuesday, when it was unsealed at a judge's order.[44]
In 2007, Governor Gibbons and wife Dawn purchased 40 acres (160,000 m2) of land in the ranch country near Lamoille, which belonged to former Nevada Judge Jerry Carr Whitehead. The Elko County Assessor said he felt pressure from the governor and the governor's lawyer to lower the tax liability. Under state law, such an agricultural tax break goes only to legitimate farm and ranch operations, and must generate at least $5,000 a year in income. If such a land is developed by million-dollar homes, property taxes would go up. "To say I was put in an awkward position I think is an understatement", Joe Aguirre, a Republican, told The Associated Press in 2008.[45] The editorial page of the Las Vegas Review-Journal said the deal might constitute fraud.[46]
While the state faced an economic slowdown and steep budget cuts, Gibbons faced criticism from officials for spending less time at his office. The Las Vegas Sun reviewed Gibbons’ attendance and discovered that he was only in his Capitol office five days in August 2008 and never for a full eight hours. In September, he was in his office a total of seven days.
In an interview with Las Vegas Sun reporters, Gibbons said “I never knew this job had a time frame on it that requires me to be sitting behind a desk at a certain hour.” He also said that he works about 60 hours a week for the state. Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office.[47]
Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube.[48]
Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving.[49]
Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC—whose CEO is Chuck Muth.[50][51][52] On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge.[53][54][55] Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' "misinformation", "fibs", "falsehoods" and "doublespeak".[53][54][55]
Muth even went as far to say "the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself".[55]
In its April 2010 report, a liberal ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Gibbons one of 11 "worst governors" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress.[56][57] Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by the watchdog include:
In January 2007, Governor Gibbons asked Nevada lawmakers to approve his budget that cut the percentage of education funding in Nevada to increase the percentage for public safety and human services programs.[60]
In 2008, Gibbons suggested that the Nevada legislature cut the state general fund budget for elementary, secondary and higher education by 14% (this does not include federal or local revenues, or funds for construction or teacher pensions).[23][24][25][26] Jim Rogers, Nevada Chancellor for Education, said of the budget cuts, "We’re talking about something that is going to cripple us financially and competitively. The effects will be felt on our economy for the next 50 to 100 years.".[27]
Jim Gibbons pledged during his 1996 campaign for governor to not impose new taxes on businesses or individuals in Nevada.[63] Gibbons broke his tax pledge on several occasions.
| Nevada Gubernatorial Election 2006 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Jim Gibbons | 278,998 | 47.9 | ||
| Democratic | Dina Titus | 255,684 | 43.9 | ||
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Barbara Vucanovich |
Member of the House of Representatives from Nevada's 2nd congressional district 1997 – 2006 |
Succeeded by Dean Heller |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Kenny Guinn |
Governor of Nevada 2007 – 2011 |
Succeeded by Brian Sandoval |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||